A Rat in A Trap essays

A Rat in A Trap essays A small two-room mud hut, squatting in between two farmhouses with sheep penned nearby, was shrouded in darkness. A darkness brought forth by an unexpected power outage. A darkness enhanced even more so by the moonless night that enshrouded the small dwelling. A sheeps call broke the silence as soldiers equipped with night vision goggles converged on the hut. One room, which appeared to have served as a bedroom, held two beds, some books, a heater, a refrigerator, and some clothes. The bed was crumpled, and there was a fresh, clean pair of boxer shorts, unused and still new. The other room was a crude kitchen with a sink, medicine, Mars bars, a flashlight, a cup, and some rotting bananas. The place looked a mess, not the conditions one would expect to find the Iraqi leader to be living in. Yet, outside the rooms, the soldiers searched the miniature courtyard. Pulling back a rug they found an eight-inch thick piece of Styrofoam with rope handles plugging a hole. It was the d iscovery of the contents of this hole that led to celebration around the world. At six feet long, two feet across, and three feet high, the hole was barely big enough for Saddam Hussein to lie in. He was armed with a pistol, but showed no resistance during his capture. Caught like a rat in a trap, Saddam came out with hands up. Soldiers found two AK 47 rifles, $750,000 in $100 denominations, and a white and orange taxi during the raid. The raid would be the turning point of the war, which had sparked much debate amongst politicians, the press, and people around the world. In Just War or a Just War? by former President Jimmy Carter, he discusses whether the war with Iraq meets with the principles of a just war (259). Elie Wiesels Peace Isnt Possible in Evils Face talks about how he is in favor of intervention when, as in this case because of Husseins equivocations and procrastinations, no ot...

FLUSH THE JOHNS essays

FLUSH THE JOHNS essays One day I was on my way to school when I read a bumper sticker that read, FLUSH THE JOHNS. Of course, this sticker was referring to John Kerry. While this bumper sticker is humorous in manner, it has a very adamant symbolic importance. While John Kerry was in Vietnam, he committed some acts that I think were very immoral. First of all, he was a coward. He received a high draft number, so he went ahead and did what he thought was the heroic thing to do and volunteered for the navy. Maybe then he would be less likely to see combat on the ground in Vietnam. He received extremely minor injuries three times, a couple of which the authorities thought could possibly have been self-inflicted, and yet he received medals even though he never spent any time in a hospital ward. He ended up only being in Vietnam for four months. After his four months of service, he went behind the government and met with North Vietnamese officials in Paris. Later, while the war was still going on and our POWs were being beaten in Vietnam, he testified to the Senate and raised accusations against our troops in combat saying that they were indiscriminately killing people and livestock and burning up farms and villages. After his testimo ny, the Vietcong played the tape of his testimony for the POWs and tried to make them confess to these atrocities. Today, there is a picture of John Kerrys face in Ho Chi Mien Square in Communist Vietnam. John Kerry spent twenty years in the U.S. senate. During those twenty years, he authored no significant legislation. In congress, he voted against the first war against Iraq, Desert Storm with George Bush as president. He voted for the second war in Iraq with George W. Bush as president. Then he voted against the 87 billion dollars to supply our troops in Iraq with the materials and body armour they needed. I personally do not believe in Kerrys views. He supports Civil Uni...

Domestic violence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Domestic violence - Research Paper Example Most of the time such as happened in this case, the victims of domestic violence find it difficult to accept their situation and report the case to the authorities. As such, most cases go unreported especially for men due to fear of what the society would think of them. For women, they rely much on men hence fear loss of economic sustenance or fear their partner would more violent towards them if they reported the case. Furthermore, domestic violence occurs within confines of the home thus making it difficult to detect unless the victim reports. Sometimes police regard it as a family matter hence no need for reporting. In Connecticut State, dating violence was not given much consideration; they were exempted from arrest fro domestic abuse (CCADV, 2013). As of October 1, 2011 domestic violence laws in Connecticut apply to you if a person with whom you are in or have recently been in a dating relationship perpetrates violence against you. Domestic violence is a criminal offense punishable by law especially if it involves assault. As such, the person perpetrating the violence, in this case Sarah’s boyfriend can be arrested and arraigned in a court of law for assault. If assault is third degree it is regarded as misdemeanor and attracts a punishment of one year imprisonment but if assault is first or second degree it is a felony punishable by more than one year in jail (Hart, Davies & Epler-Epstein, 2011, p. 11). The boyfriend caused physical injury to Sarah by breaking her arm and on another instance by hitting her on the mouth as evidenced by bleeding mouth. For such an offense the offender is liable to imprisonment and deserves to be arrested whether or not Sarah makes a claim to the police department provided the evidence and testimony by witnesses prove such a crime was committed. The police also determine if the victim needs medical assistance and helps them by also advising them to

China Is an Example of the East Asian Capitalist Developmental State Essay

China Is an Example of the East Asian Capitalist Developmental State - Essay Example This essay declares that to begin with the Chinese capitalist developmental state policy makers do not trust the markets to self-regulate themselves thus the government will intervene when need to set the direction in a desired manner through the implementation of industry policies or adjustment of interest and exchange rates. The Chinese government has avoided the extensive welfare programs that are rampant in Western economies (Jensen and Weston, 2006). Rather, the firms develop a bond with their employees through engaging them and motivating them as well as increasing their value within a firm. This paper makes a conclusion that the economic situation in Chinese capitalist developmental state tends to favour industry over the service sector as well as investment activities over local consumption to drive its growth. In a nutshell, China is a capitalist economy that has taken a different approach to solving the inherent issues in a bid to spur its economic growth. With the numerous challenges and economic risks that are facing Western economies it is evident that soon with the threat of China being a global economic giant they are going to resort to restrictions as a technique to mitigate financial risks. It is worth noting that China is indeed a capitalist developmental state since all its economic policies are formulated with a close guard and control by the state. The state can arbitrary intervene to solve any economic situation that it deems to be crucial to the overall benefit of China as a nation.

Woman in Business Management Personal Statement

Woman in Business Management - Personal Statement Example Being a woman, I have always desired Jewellery and tilted towards diamonds. I had a strong inclination towards commencing my own Jewellery business but I had no practical know-how of market trends, supply and demand information, supply chain and distribution channels, consumer preferences and tastes, demographics, lifestyles, attitudes, and behaviors towards this industry. Unequivocally, I learned the aforementioned concepts during my academics, yet I felt I still need a near to accurate recognition of market facts, that to be honest, theory and books do not necessarily provide. A time came when I, fortunately, met an industry expert and a professional business executive, employed at Amrapali Jewels, a diamond Jewellery boutique located in Knights Bridge. After some formal introduction and discussion, I expressed my concern that I was interested in doing an internship in her industry. She appreciated my interest and provided some guidance and direction regarding the recruitment and s election process (test and interview procedure). In short, I successfully cleared all the stages and called for my internship. Â   Delighted by my progress, I joined the Jewellery Boutique. Before sharing my actual experiences at Amrapali Jewels, I first would like to describe my predefined objectives. As far as my Knowledge goals are concerned, I had an intention to gain an insight about the entire Diamond Jewellery Purchase and Sales process, comprising of Jewellery designing, supply, display, pricing, consumer preferences and face to face customer and direct marketing. I also wanted to know about security measures and precautions being adopted by the store for safety purposes.

Influence of Climate Change on Eel Migration

Influence of Climate Change on Eel Migration Introduction Freshwater eel populations are experiencing a worldwide decline, mainly due to overfishing, habitat loss, and barriers to migration (Bonhommeau et al. 2008).   However, an increasing body of work suggests that climate change poses a significant threat to eel recruitment, currently, and in the future (Bonhommeau et al. 2008, Knights 2003).   This should be an important consideration for eel management in New Zealand, and is partially explored in August and Hicks 2008 paper: Water temperature and upstream migration of glass eels in New Zealand: implications of climate change. The ecological, cultural and economic important of eels New Zealand is home to three main species of anguillid fresh-water eel, the endemic longfin eel (Anguilla dieffenbachii), the shortfin eel (Anguilla australis), and the recently discovered Australian longfin (Anguilla reinhardtii) (Jellyman 2009).   Both populations have declined from commercial fishing and habitat degradation, but there is more concern for the longfin eel.   Aside from being exclusive to New Zealand, longfins are more slow growing and are more vulnerable to current environmental changes than shortfins because of their habitat preferences.   Their geographical distribution and abundance has declined over the past decades, prompting its ranking as an At Risk-Declining species by the New Zealand Threat Classification System (Goodman et al. 2014). The status of New Zealand eels are important to many stakeholders because both species have ecological significance and serve as valuable cultural and economic resources (Jellyman 2007, August and Hicks 2008).   Eels play a critical role in freshwater ecosystems as the apex predator.   As opportunist scavengers, they also serve to remove dead organisms, helping to recycle nutrients back into the system (Jellyman 2012).   Because they can prey upon nearly all other freshwater fish, eels have the ability to control other fish (and eel) populations, and even those of introduced species (Chisnall et al. 2003).   As an endemic New Zealand species and the largest freshwater eel found in the world, there is also much justification to protect the longfin eel and preserve the unique biodiversity of the country.   Eels are taonga (cultural treasure) to Maori (the indigenous people of New Zealand).   Historically eels were an essential food source of Maori, and remain an significant component of Maori culture and beliefs (Jellyman 2007, Wright 2013).   Eels are integrated in their whakapapa (genealogy), mythology (eels are seen as spiritual guardians of waterways), and it is important for Maori kaitiakitanga (guardianship) to protect eels so as to restore the mauri (life force) of their rivers (Wright 2013). Both shortfin and longfin eels support commercial, traditional and recreational fisheries.   The commercial eel industry is not very large for New Zealand, with eel exports bringing in revenues of $5 million annually (Jellyman 2012).   Unfortunately, this commercial fishing industry has still greatly contributed to eel decline locally, prompting demands to reduce or ban commercial fishing of longfins (Wright 2013).  Ã‚  Ã‚      Eel decline: a vulnerable life history Part of the reason eels are so vulnerable is their extraordinary semelparous life history.   Mature eels migrate to oceanic spawning grounds (the exact location still unknown, but suspected to be northeast of New Caledonia) where they spawn and die (Jellyman 2009).   The larvae migrate back to New Zealand, and metamorphosise into glass, or unpigmented, eels.   They arrive at the coast, with peak arrivals in September and October, and migrate upstream through rivers and streams from late winter to early summer.   After spending many years, sometimes decades in freshwater, mature eels will then migrate back to their oceanic spawning grounds, continuing the reproductive cycle (Jellyman 2009). Unfortunately, this life history means that (1) eel recruitment is highly dependent on their successful upstream and downstream migration, (2) they take a relatively long time to reach reproductive age, (3) they only breed once per lifetime, and (4) they have limited habitat.   All these factors have made it even easier for humans to disturb eel populations.   Increased sedimentation in wetlands, lakes and rivers has further diminished available habitat, especially for longfins who prefer clean, clear waters (Wright 2013).   The construction of hydroelectric dams largely inhibits eel movement upstream and downstream (Jellyman, 2007).  Ã‚   Much of the management efforts concerning eels involves facilitating the upstream and downstream migration of eels and other native fishes using ladders, the temporary shutting down of hydroelectric dams, physically transporting glass eels over dams, etc (Jellyman 2007).     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   While there are many localized threats to eel populations, it is also imperative to consider long term, overarching threats to eels populations.   A study by August and Hicks aimed to better understand the environmental factors influencing eel migration, and the findings of their study suggest that we may need to underline climate change on the growing list of eel threats (2008).  Ã‚   Purpose and methods of the experiment In their study, August and Hicks investigated the upstream migration of glass eels in the Tukituki River, in Hawke Bay, New Zealand (2008).   The purpose of their experiment was to see how environmental variables affected the number of migrants, and to survey the species composition, size, condition and pigmentation of the migrants (2008). They conducted this survey in the rivers lower tidal reaches by trapping glass eels most nights from September to late November in 2001, and until early December in 2002.   Eels were trapped using a mesh net, with mesh screens on either sides to prevent eels from moving past the net.   Fishing began an hour before sunset, and every 45 minutes, glass eels and bycatch were removed from the net, counted and recorded.   A subsample of glass eels was removed from the catch each night so the level of pigmentation and species could be identified in the lab later.   Fishing ended each night when the glass eel catch decreased over three successive trapping periods.   August and Hicks also measured water temperature at the sampling site and river mouth, river flow 10km upstream from the sampling site, wind, barometric pressure, and solar radiation.   Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to analyze associations between the number and length (daily means of total length for each species) of migrants and the environmental variables, separated by species and year. Study results and discussion In total, the researchers caught 50,287 eels in 2001 and 19,954 in 2002, and they do not discuss reasons for this difference in eel numbers.   Out of the environmental variables measured, they found that river water temperature, sea water temperature and river flow were most associated with glass eel catch, though river and sea water temperatures were highly correlated.   Maximum eel numbers were found when river flow was low or normal (less than or equal to 22 m3 s-1), with fewer numbers at higher flows.     Ã‚   Migrating glass eels seemed to prefer moderate river temperatures; water temperatures below 12 °C and above 22 °C seemed to almost or completely suppress eel migration.   August and Hicks created a habitat suitability curve and proposed 16.5 °C as the optimum temperature for upstream migration of New Zealand glass eels (2008).   This relationship between may exist because water temperature can facilitate (or hinder) the swimming ability of fish, both by affecting the metabolism of the fish and the kinetic viscosity of water.   Moon phase, which has been historically associated with glass eel invasions, was sometimes associated with peak eel runs into the stream.   However, they found that moon phase was confounded by other variables, namely water temperature and tidal currents, and suggest that these factors, rather than the moonlight itself, may be the mechanism driving eel invasions during full and new moons.   This observation, while limited to the Tukituki River, may help to clarify the lunar association with eel migrations globally.   In both years, their catch was mainly shortfins (91% in 2001 and 93% in 2002), which is consistent with observations that shortfins dominate the North Island east coast.   However, this finding could be valuable for eel management since shortfin dominance may be reflect the pastoral development of the area and result from their superior tolerance to increasingly muddy waters.     Ã‚   They acknowledge some shortcomings of the study, including the fact that glass eel recruitment likely began before trapping.   They did not estimate trap efficiency, though visual observations suggested that no more than 5% of the migrating glass eels escaped entrapment. Significance of their findings While glass eel recruitment may be associated with various environmental factors, water temperature was the most strongly linked factor out of the measured variables.   This study thus supports the theory that water temperature is a cue for the start and intensity of the New Zealand upstream eel migration.   This has been observed for Anguilla rostrata   (American eels ) (Marin 1995), Anguilla anguilla   (European eels) (Edeline et al. 2006), and even experimentally for Anguilla japonica (Japanese eels) (Chen and Chen 1991), but had not been thoroughly explored in New Zealand eels.   Nevertheless, this study contributes further documentation of temperature thresholds for eel migrations, and puts forth an optimal temperature for New Zealand migrations.   In finding linkages between water temperature and lunar phases, their work may also help to clarify the supposed relationship between the moon and eel invasions globally.   Their finding of peak migrations during spring tides is consistent with previous studies (Jellyman 1979), and demonstrates how eels use flood tides to achieve passive upstream movement.   Findings from Jellyman et al.s 2009 study in the Waikato River system contradicted the results of August and Hicks study.   While Jellyman et al. also found that temperature had a significant relationship with the migration strength, their largest migrations occurred at much cooler temperatures, between 12.6 and 13.1 °C.   These temperatures are well below August and Hicks optimum temperature of 16.5 °C , and undermined their hypothesis that temperatures below 12 °C would suppress migrations.   These variations in the eel responses to temperature could result from the Waikato study site being further inland than August and Hicks study.   Aside from using different river systems with potentially very different ranges of temperatures, this meant that the eels sampled by Jellyman et al. were older and may respond to environmental factors differently.   Implications for climate change Given the predictions that climate change will lead to rising ocean temperatures, August and Hicks speculate that warming temperatures will negatively impact glass eel recruitment.   However, in the article, they do not discuss or predict in detail how rising water temperatures will impact eel migration, such as effects on the timing or numbers of migrants.   They maintain that the generality of the negative effects of high water temperatures on glass eel invasionsremains to be confirmed (August and Hicks 2008), which is a reasonable statement given the limited scope of their study.   However, the usefulness of this article could have been strengthened by analyzing, in more detail, the potential threat climate change poses to eels. This paper also lacked a discussion of whether eels could adapt to the projected increases in ocean temperatures.   These ocean temperature rises are expected to be relatively gradual, with warming in New Zealand between 0.7-5.1 °C, with a best estimate of 2.1 °C, by 2090 (Ministry of the Environment, 2008).   The Jellyman et al. 2009 study may actually provide evidence that eels are already adapting to warming ocean temperatures.   When they compared migration catch data between a 30 year interval, they found that the main migration period occurred several weeks earlier.   This suggests that eels may be compensating for increasing temperatures by migrating earlier in the season (Jellyman et al. 2009).   By shifting their migration times, or even by other adaptations in their physiology, eels may avoid the detrimental effects of climate change.   However, there is also the danger that as temperatures warm, the window of temperatures suitable for migration will grow smaller and smaller, which could still lead to declines in recruitment.   Moreover, it is already clear that eel recruitment has decreased both in New Zealand and globally, so it is unlikely that adaptation will allow eels to completely escape the effects of climate change.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Climate change may also be more strongly affecting eel recruitment through food availability, rather than through temperature increases.   One review of continental water conditions and the decline of American, European and Japanese eels found correlations between eel recruitment and sea surface temperature anomalies (Knights 2003).   They hypothesized that global warming trends will negatively impact eel recruitment by inhibiting spring thermocline mixing and nutrient circulation (Knights 2003).   Changes in the resulting food availability may be a significant contributor to the worldwide eel decline.   Despite several studies investigating the impact of large scale oceanic warming trends, we still very much lack an understanding of how much climate change will, and is currently, playing a role in eel populations.  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚   Implications for Eel Management This study was beneficial by informing the population composition of eels (specifically species and size) in the Hawke Bay region.   Knowing the size of migrations in 2001 and 2002 can allow ecologists to measure the health of eel populations in the future by using this data as a point for comparison.   This population information also gives resource managers some sense of what to expect from mature eel populations in the future.   Understanding how environmental variables affect eel recruitment can help eel managers predict migrations with greater precision and to understand why they are witnessing certain trends in eel populations.   By helping managers make predictions for when peak glass eel migrations will occur, this study can help inform ideal times to turn off hydroelectric dams or invest more efforts into eel transfers over upstream obstacles.   Even though this study makes an important step towards considering how ocean warming will affect eel recruitment, its ability to advance our understanding of eels and climate change is extremely limited.   Further experimental studies are needed to investigate the temperature preferences of eels and the effects of temperature.   Even then, studies researching the effects of warming temperatures on eels are inherently limited because they cannot consider species responses and adaptations on a timescale relevant to climate change.   Regardless, given our worldwide eel decline, and evidence that climate change may already be impacting eel populations, its clear that more research is needed to investigate the current and future threat of climate change for eels. Conclusion The August and Hicks study advanced our understanding of the abiotic factors controlling glass eel migrations in New Zealand.   They found a strong association between migrations and water temperature, which raised concerns that rising ocean temperatures will negatively impact eel recruitment.   While their predictions about the effects of climate change are largely limited by the scope and nature of the study, their findings demonstrate the need for further research on climate change and eels.   Such research is especially imperative given the context of local and global declines in eel recruitment and populations.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Word Count: 2,434 Works Cited August, S. M., & Hicks, B. J. (2008). Water temperature and upstream migration of glass eels in New Zealand: implications of climate change.  Environmental Biology of Fishes,  81(2), 195-205. Bonhommeau, S., Chassot, E., Planque, B., Rivot, E., Knap, A. H., & Le Pape, O. (2008). Impact   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of climate on eel populations of the Northern Hemisphere.  Marine Ecology Progress   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Series,  373, 71-80. Chen YL, Chen H-Y (1991) Temperature selections of Anguilla japonica (L.) elvers, and their   Ã‚  Ã‚   implications for migration. Austr J Mar Freshwater Res 42:743–750 Chisnall, B.L.; Hicks, B.J.; Martin, M.L. ( 2003). Effect of harvest on size, abundance, and   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   production of freshwater eels Anguilla australis and A. dieffenbachii in a New Zealand   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   stream. P. 177–189. In: Biology, management, and protection of catadromous eels.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dixon, D.A. (Ed.). American Fisheries Society, Symposium 33. Edeline, E., Lambert, P., Rigaud, C., & Elie, P. (2006). Effects of body condition and water   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   temperature on Anguilla anguilla glass eel migratory behavior.  Journal of Experimental   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Marine Biology and Ecology,  331(2), 217-225. Goodman, J. M., Dunn, N. R., Ravenscroft, P. J., Allibone, R. M., Boubee, J. A., David, B. O.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   & Rolfe, J. R. (2014). Conservation status of New Zealand freshwater fish, 2013.  New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Zealand Threat Classification Series,  7, 12. Jellyman, D. J. (1979). Upstream migration of glass-eels (Anguilla spp.) in the Waikato River.   Ã‚  Ã‚   New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 13, 13–22. Jellyman, D. J. (2007). Status of New Zealand fresh-water eel stocks and management   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   initiatives.  ICES Journal of Marine Science: Journal du Conseil,  64(7), 1379-1386. Jellyman, D. J. (2009). Modelling Larval Migration Routes and Spawning Areas of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Anguillid Eels of New Zealand and Australia in Challenges for Diadromous Fishes in a   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Dynamic Global Environment (1-934874-08-6, 978-1-934874-08-0), (p. 255).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bethesda: Amer Fisheries Soc. Jellyman, D. J., Booker, D. J., & Watene, E. (2009). Recruitment of Anguilla spp. glass eels in   Ã‚   the Waikato River, New Zealand. Evidence of declining migrations?.  Journal of Fish   Ã‚   Biology,  74(9), 2014-2033. Jellyman, D. J. (2012). The status of longfin eels in New Zealand – An overview   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   of stocks and harvest. Report prepared for Parliamentary Commissioner for the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Environment. NIWA. Knights, B. (2003). A review of the possible impacts of long-term oceanic and climate changes   Ã‚   and fishing mortality on recruitment of anguillid eels of the Northern   Ã‚   Hemisphere.  Science of the total Environment,  310(1), 237-244. Martin, M. H. (1995). The effects of temperature, river flow, and tidal cycles on the onset of   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   glass eel and elver migration into fresh water in the American eel.  Journal of Fish   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Biology,  46(5), 891-902. Ministry for the Environment (2008).  Climate Change Effects and Impacts Assessment. A   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Guidance Manual for Local Government in New Zealand. 2nd Edition.  Prepared by    Mullan, B; Wratt, D; Dean, S; Hollis, M. (NIWA); Allan, S; Williams, T. (MWH NZ   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Ltd), and Kenny, G. (Earthwise Consulting Ltd), in consultation with Ministry for the Environment. NIWA Client Report WLG2007/62, February 2008, 156p. Wright, J. (2013). On a pathway to extinction? An investigation into the status and management of the longfin eel.  Wellington, New Zealand: Parliamentary Commissioner for the   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Environment.   

College Admissions Essay: Its Time to Make Children a Priority :: College Admissions Essays

It's Time to Make Children a Priority Much of society judges the relative importance of an occupation by the size of the income or the associated fame. In fact many people judge themselves in the same way. To me, this is a male way of seeing the world. It's all about status and mating rights when you get down to it. I am prepared to concede that at some point in humanity's past this was a fair measure of a job's importance. But in a world that is clearly overpopulated it no longer makes sense to judge solely based upon the propogation of the species. Our focus should now move to the quality of the next generation rather than it's quantity. It is therefore my opinion that the most important job in the world is child raising. Those people that contribute to the healthy mental and physical development of children into adults, are performing a vital service to society. Imagine what the world would be like if children were truly our top priority, as some politicians so glibly pronounce. We are so far from that point that my imagination struggles with this concept. Why are teachers amongst the lowest paid people in western society? Why is it next to impossible to find a good creche? Why are there more laws to protect the rights of criminals than to protect those of us that choose to give up career to tend to home and family? Why is it that the educational standard of high school graduates is dropping faster than gravity should allow? Now some people will be nodding their heads at this point and saying, "Yes, the government should be doing something about this." Well I say, what are YOU doing about it. Take back responsibility for the upbringing of your own children.

Effective School Leadership

The elements of effective school leadership combines a variety of attributes. Although all these attributes are important, four are critical and essential in the success of a school leader. The first essential attribute is that a leader must model character by being principle-centered. The second essential attribute is that the main role of the school leader is to be an instructional leader. The third essential attribute is to align people. Finally, the fourth essential attribute is to establish direction for the school.These four attributes work in conjunction to promote the goal of the effective school deader: student achievement. Principle-centered An effective school leader models character by being principle-centered. Principles are guidelines for conduct that have demonstrated lasting value (Covey, 2004). Specifically, an effective leader exhibits integrity, fairness, and acts in an ethical manner. Knuth and Banks (2006) assert in their Essential Leadership Model that first and foremost, effective leadership is character dependent.They go on to explain that to be able to effectively lead schools, authentic leaders with strong character display fairness, integrity, and ethical behavior. A highly effective leader builds the character of their staff by being a role model (Mclean, 2003). A leader must develop their own voice and then be clear about their own guiding principles to effectively model the behavior they expect of others (Souses and Poster, 2008). Covey (2004) describes integrity as an interdependent reality, that each individual is treated by the same set of principles.A leaders fulfills expectations and creates a foundation of trust. Integrity encompasses fairness and ethics. Effective leaders who have integrity function fairly and in an ethical manner. Leaders committing to these virtuous principles maintain n enduring responsibility to student success, teacher growth, and quality school environments. Ethical behavior by effective leaders includ es a commitment to all students regardless of which race, gender, religious, or socioeconomic category they fall in.Leaders value ethnic diversity by taking action to ensure a quality education for every child. This commitment represents an uncompromising pursuit to do what is fair (Robbins and Alva, 2004). Instructional Leader Effective school leaders are instructional leaders. Highly effective principals have a passion for learning (Mclean, 2003). According to Chairman (2013), the educational leader is the overall leader of instruction. Administrators must be actively engaged in the professional growth and learning of the school staff.Effective leaders understand that they are directly responsible for learning and influence student achievement outcomes by their actions (Robbins and Alva, 2004). Fallen (2014) conveyed that the role of an effective principal is to lead teachers in learning to improve their instruction, while working alongside them understanding what works and what d oes not. Learning leaders model the pursuit of knowledge regarding effective reactive, inspiring staff members to create an environment where risk taking and experimentation are valued and mistakes are the prelude to new knowledge and understanding (Robbins and Alva, 2004).Instructional leaders recognize that trying and failing is more beneficial than never trying at all. An effective instructional leader ensures that every student has the opportunity to learn. Proclaiming the statement â€Å"all can learn† is too easy. Effective leaders develop programs differentiated to meet the needs of small groups of students in their schools because they know that one size rarely fits all. This rage to step out of the box and broaden their knowledge base is a characteristic of highly effective administrators.Instructional leaders are continually thinking, planning, and developing ways to improve instruction and engage more students (Mclean, 2003). Effective school leaders are frequently presenting research-based strategies to increase their staffs' capacity to instruct with the goal of student achievement. Aligning People An effective school leader aligns people by creating a culture of communication and collaboration, and by developing relationships among staff, students, families and communities. The actions off single person are unlikely to produce impacting changes; instead a team effort is required.Solid trust, strong relationships, deep competence, core confidence, group collaboration, and individual accountability are required to effect change; to get exceptional things done, effective school leaders have to enable others to act (Souses and Poster, 2008). Effective school leaders demonstrate the skills and temperaments to foster a sense of belonging throughout the staff; they address the needs of others, share their time and knowledge, communicate clearly and concisely, and develop supportive relationships characterized by rust and respect (Knuth and Banks, 2006). A highly effective leader is a communicator.Whether it be listening, writing, speaking, or reading, successful principals are communicating nearly 100% of the time. Shaping organizational behavior and practice relies on the fundamental leadership skill of communicating with clarity and precision (Robbins and Alva, 2004). Fostering a culture of professional collaboration is a trait of effective principals (Knuth and Banks, 2006). Effective school leaders make it possible for others to do quality work (Souses and Poster, 2008). Student learning is examined when principals directly influence how teachers learn together (Fallen, 2014).Leaders, working collaboratively as professionals who believe in continuous growth, produce teachers that will succeed. Collaboration emerges as relationships shift between staff members, progressing from congeniality to cooperation to collegiality. Professional Learning Communities are a result of this shift, culminating with a focus of helping al l students achieve and learn (Robbins and Alva, 2004). Human relations are the base of leadership. Effective school leaders actively engage staff, families, ND community to share the responsibility of student achievement. Forging these relationships creates tremendous power (Robbins and Alva, 2004).The success of a leader is dependent on the ability to build and sustain human relationships. The quality of these relationships matters most when completion off goal is the objective. A relationship characterized by mutual respect and confidence will overcome the greatest challenges (Souses and Poster, 2008). Highly effective principals will bring out the best in their staff members (Mclean, 2003). Establishing Direction Effective school leaders establish direction for their staff and school. Leaders are expected to have a sense of direction and a concern for the future of their school; this ability is vision (Souses and Poster, 2008).Leaders develop a vision of the future, while impleme nting strategies for the changes needed to accomplish that vision. Effective school leaders keep people moving in the right direction by motivating and inspiring each step of the process (Cotter, 1990). Clarity of vision, compared to other leadership qualities, is what separates leaders from other credible people (Souses and Poster, 2008). Leaders inspire and enlist others in a shared vision. Effective school leaders eave a desire to never settle for status quo; they push change, even when it is uncomfortable for others.Highly effective leaders are change masters. They are flexible, futuristic, and realistic leaders who motivate and manage change that endures. These leaders are able to envision what low-performing or even failing schools will look like after their mission has been achieved (Mclean, 2003). They then create and implement a plan to increase student achievement. By establishing the direction of their school, effective leaders are able to challenge the process and ventur e out in search of opportunities o innovate, grow, and improve (Souses and Poster, 2008).Conclusion Souses and Poster (2008) stated that leadership is an identifiable set of skills and abilities that are available to us all. A school leader must be effective to gain student achievement as its primary outcome. There are four attributes that are critical and essential in the success of an effective school leader. First, a school leader must model character by being principle-centered. Second, a school leader is to be an instructional leader. Next, the school leader must have the capacity to align people through communication, collaboration, and developing relationships. Effective School Leadership Effective School leadership today must combine the traditional school leadership duties such as teacher evaluation, budgeting, scheduling, and facilities maintenance with a deep involvement with specific aspects of teaching and learning.Some key elements of Instructional leadership and what I believe to be most important and effective elements in the leadership role include the following:Prioritization: Instructional Leaders make adult learning a priority and set high expectations for performance (NAESP, 2001). While leaders cannot neglect other duties, teaching and learning is where the majority of a leader’s scheduled time needs to be allocated.Visible Presence: Placing the focus on learning objectives, modeling behaviors of learning, and designing programs and activities on instruction are essential for instructional leadership (Whitaker, 1997). Having leaders as teachers of instruction serves as a model for many teachers who may struggle with certain concepts and can help build trust and relationships.Curriculum: Principals need to know about the changing concepts of curriculum (Approaches to Leadership). The goal of any leader should be to increase student achievement; therefore, the curriculum, instruction, and assessments must all be aligned with the standards. Leaders need to be knowledgeable with curriculum and state standards and provide professional development and continuous learning for adults.Data: In their focus on improving achievement, effective leaders use multiple sources of information to assess performance (NAESP, 2001). Many leaders use data to help guide the instructional focus and professional development for teachers. Effective leaders skillfully gather information that determines how well a school organization is meeting goals and use that information to refine strategies designed to meet or extend the goals.Effective leaders make student success pivotal to their work and,  accordingly, pay attention to and communicate about i nstruction, curriculum, and student mastery of learning objectives, and are visible in the school. Learning needs to occur throughout an organization, and instructional leaders need to become participants in the learning process in order to shape and encourage the implementation of effective learning models in their schools. To illustrate, effective leaders don't just arrange for professional development; rather, they participate in staff training provided to their staffs.Additionally, good leaders foster the idea of working together as a valuable enterprise because they understand that this kind of collaborative learning community ultimately will build trust, collective responsibility, and a school wide focus on improved student learning (Mendez-Morse, 1991).

Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question Essays

Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question Essays Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question Essay Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question Essay Mountfield Area Health Authority Problem Question ( 2000 words ) Can the policies of Mountfield Area Health Authority be challenged? This first inquiry relates to the country of jurisprudence known as Judicial Review. This is a process that enables persons to dispute the determinations and actions of public executive organic structures. The nature and powers of MAHA need to be considered in order to measure whether its policies and determinations can be challenged by manner of judicial reappraisal. Using the standards set out in Parpworth ( 2003 ) for judicial reappraisal [ 1 ] : MAHA derives it powers from legislative act ( which has, by the way, been superceded by theNational Health Service Reform and Health Care Professions Act 2002, which replaces AHAs with Strategic Health Authorities ) . It performs apublic jurisprudencemap, as distinguished from aprivate jurisprudencemap, following the instance ofR V Disciplinary Committee of the Jocky Club, ex p Aga Khan( 1993 ) . This is because the AHA derives its powers from legislative act. The maps of AHAs ( and now, SHAs ) are to manage the local NHS on behalf of the Secretary of State’ , which includes developing programs for bettering wellness services in the local area’ and they are a cardinal nexus between the Department of Health and the NHS.’ [ 2 ] The policies of the MAHA can theoretically, hence, be challenged by judicial reappraisal. The evidences for challenge will now be considered: Health Watch will be deemed to holdvenue standito dispute the determinations of the MAHA. Following the Law Commission’s studyAdministrative Law: Judicial Review and Stautory Appeals( 1994 ) , this would be accorded due to the sufficient degree of public involvement in the affair being litigated. Following the instance ofAssociated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd 5 Wednesbury Corporation( 1948 ) , the policies of MAHA will likely be considered so unreasonable that no sensible authorization could of all time hold come to it.’ [ 3 ] The policies besides contravene theHuman Rights Act 1998which incorporates the European Convention on Human Rights into English jurisprudence. This adds to the illegality land for disputing the policies, given that the policies discriminate against members of a peculiar societal group ( that is, those over the age of 75 and tobacco users ) . This follows the logical thinking of the CA inIslam V Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Q( 1999 ) . Can John dispute the determination of Graham’s backdown of his trader’s license? This is besides a judicial reappraisal inquiry, because Graham is a member of the Mountfield Local Authority which is doubtless a public organic structure. Similar considerations to those outlined above hence apply. The evidences for disputing this determination include improper intent. The evidences for declining a trading license are set out in theLocal Government ( Miscellaneous Provisions ) Act 1982, agenda 4. One of these evidences is that by ground of some strong belief or otherwise he is unsuitable.’ It is possible so, that the annulment of John’s license would be lawful under this proviso. Was the Chief Constable trusting on good authorization in censoring the assembly at Mountfield Hospital? Under Article 11 of the ECHR, citizens enjoy a right of assembly and association. Furthermore, Judgess have sometimes talked of a right to protest’ , for illustration inHirst and Agu v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire( 1986 ) , the justice recognised the right of free address to protest on affairs of public concern and to show on the one manus and the demand for peace and good order on the other.’ [ 4 ] This is a right enjoyed merely in so far as it does non conflict any other jurisprudence, and the protest is done in a peace-loving mode. Here, given the planned size of the meeting, it is possible that the group would barricade a public main road. It is besides possible that the Chief Constable was right in his preventative actions in order to continue the peace. Sections 11-16 of thePublic Order Act 1986provide for the control of assemblies. John has complied with s11 of the Act in giving the Chief Constable advanced warning of the meeting every bit long as it is given at least 6 yearss before the presentation. This is non, nevertheless, a petition for permission, as the constabulary do non hold the power to let some assemblies and non others. [ 5 ] The Chief Constable is within his right to enforce conditions on the assembly, if he reasonably believes it may ensue in public upset, harm to belongings, break to the life of the community, or in the bullying of others. [ 6 ] Under s14A, 14B and 14C of the Act, inserted by theCondemnable Justice and Public Order Act 1994, the constabulary are empowered to forbid trespassory assemblies, of which this is one. [ 7 ] Given that the Chief Constable has acted within his powers in using for a limitation order for the assembly under this statute law, John has committed an offense by transporting on with the assembly at the infirmary. Were the apprehensions affected by the constabulary lawful and are the charges warranted? In regard of the 20 demonstrators, because the country on which they were showing was capable to a s14A order, it would look that they are perpetrating an offense. A trespassory assembly involves more than 20 individuals on the land to which the individuals have merely limited rights of entree. As there are merely 20 ( and non more than 20’ ) , the protestors may hold evidences for entreaty following the instance ofDPP V Jones( 1999 ) . Here, the House of Lords held that public had the right to utilize the public main road for sensible activities such as peaceable protest, provided they did non interrupt the public’s primary right of transition. In this case, so, it will depend on whether the protestors were doing an obstructor with their protests. The apprehension of Imran and Shabeena is based on a prospective breach of the peace. This is defined slackly inR V Howell( 1982 ) as being where there is a sensible apprehensiveness of a breach of the peace. This occurs where injury is really done, threatened to be done, whether to a individual or his belongings. Whether the police’s apprehensiveness was sensible depends upon the fortunes. In this instance, it does non look that the addresss showed any mark of doing a breach of the peace, unless Imran and Shabeena’s behavior was provocative, followingMcLeod V Metropolitan Police Comr( 1994 ) . Finally, inFoulkes V Chief Constable of the Merseyside Police( 1998 ) , the tribunal held that there must †¦ be a sufficiently existent and present menace to the peace to warrant the utmost measure of striping of his autonomy a citizen who is non at the clip moving unlawfully.’ [ 8 ] Since there was no evident menace to the peace here, the apprehension of Imran and Shabeena was improper. Richard’s apprehension, nevertheless, will be lawful, as it is a consequence of his threatening and intimidating behavior towards James. Section 2 of thePublic Order Act 1986makes violent perturb an offense, provided that the individual intends their behavior to be endangering or violent. The constabulary are within their right of exerting a power of apprehension granted under subdivision 24 of thePolice and Criminal Evidence Act 1984. Richard has besides committed the arrestable offense of assault. Farook and Natalie have a right to freedom of look. Under s1 of theIndecent Displays ( Control ) Act 1981, nevertheless, it is an offense to expose indecorous affair. It will be for the tribunal to make up ones mind whether the sculpture is indecorous or non. Following the instance ofR V South Western Magistrates’ Court, ex p Heslop( 1994 ) , there is a differentiation between something being in highly bad gustatory sensation, and something being indecorous. Given the impact of the show on the passerby, it is likely that this will be seen to be indecorous, and the apprehension of Farook and Nathalie will hence be lawful. The legality of the apprehensions, so, is determined by whether the constabulary are exerting a power determined from lawful authorization. Such an authorization would be a warrant for apprehension, under subdivision 1 of theMagistrates’ Courts Act 1980. No warrant exists in the present case, nevertheless, so another authorization must be looked for. This might come from s24 of PACE 1984, in the instances where the suspects have committed arrestable offenses for which the sentence is fixed by jurisprudence. Under s24 ( 7 ) , the constabulary may collar without warrant a individual about to perpetrate an arrestable offense, anyone who it is moderately expected is about to perpetrate such an offense. Imran and Shabeena, so, were arrested unlawfully. Were the rights of the individuals arrested in detention observed? Refer to Hannibal and Mountford ( 2005 ) ,Condemnable Litigation, chapters 7 and 8. The arrestees are put in cells for 18 hours before they are eventually charged with offenses under thePublic Order Act. This detainment without charge is allowable under s37 ( 2 ) of PACE, where the detention officer has sensible evidences for believing that the suspects’ detainment without charge is necessary to procure or continue grounds associating to the offense for which they are under apprehension, or to obtain such grounds by oppugning them. Here, surely the latter ground is non applicable as they have non been questioned. Under s41 of PACE, the constabulary are entitled to keep the suspects for up to 24 hours without charge, which runs from the clip of their reaching at the constabulary station. They have non, hence, infringed this by confining the suspects for merely 18 hours. The rights of the suspects at the station are listed under the Codes of Practice attach toing PACE, and specifically under Code C. The detention officer should hold informed the arrestees of the undermentioned rights upon their reaching at the station: The right to hold person informed of their apprehension The right to confer with in private with a canvasser, such advice being free and independent The right to confer with the Codes of Practice The detention officer should besides hold undertaken a hazard appraisal on the specific demands of each detainee. [ 9 ] As portion of this, he should hold asked each detainee if he or she wanted: Legal advice To inform anyone of his apprehension Medical intervention Requires an translator. The detainees’ rights in detention have non, hence, been observed in the present case, although they are all within the clip bound of being held without charge. Bibliography Legislative acts Condemnable Justice and Public Order Act 1994 European Convention on Human Rights Human Rights Act 1998 Indecent Displays ( Control ) Act 1981 Local Government ( Miscellaneous Provisions ) Act 1982 Magistrates’ Courts Act 1980 National Health Service Reform and Health Care Professions Act 2002 Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 and Codes of Practice Public Order Act 1986 Cases Associated Provincial Picture Houses Ltd 5 Wednesbury Corporation [ 1948 ] 1 KB 223 DPP V Jones [ 1999 ] 2 AC 240 Foulkes V Chief Constable of the Merseyside Police [ 1998 ] 3 All ER 705 Hirst and Agu v Chief Constable of West Yorkshire ( 1986 ) 85 Cr App Rep 143 Islam V Secretary of State for the Home Department, ex p Q [ 1999 ] 2 WLR 1015 McLeod V Metropolitan Police Comr [ 1994 ] 4 All ER 553 R V Disciplinary Committee of the Jocky Club, ex p Aga Khan [ 1993 ] 2 All ER 853 R V Howell [ 1982 ] QB 416 R V South Western Magistrates’ Court, ex p Heslop ( unreported ) Secondary beginnings Hannibal, M. and Mountford, L ( 2005 )Condemnable Litigation( Oxford: OUP ) Law Commission ( 1994 )Administrative Law: Judicial Review and Statutory Appeals( Law Comm 226, HC 669 ) Leyland, P. and Woods, T. ( 2003 )Textbook on Administrative Law, 4ThursdayEdition ( Oxford: OUP ) Parpworth, N. ( 2004 )Constitutional and Administrative Law, 3rdEdition ( London: LexisNexis ) NHS Stategic Health Authorities web site, at hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nhs.uk/England/AuthoritiesTrusts/Sha/Default.aspx Rock, R. ( 2006 )Civil Liberties and Human Rights, 6ThursdayEdition ( Oxford: OUP )

American Reaction to the French Revolution

American Reaction to the French Revolution The French Revolution began in 1789 with the storming of the Bastille on July 14th. From 1790 to 1794, the revolutionaries grew  increasingly radical. Americans were at first enthusiastic in support of the revolution. However, over time divisions of opinion became apparent between federalists and anti-federalists. Divide Between Federalists and Anti-Federalists The anti-federalists in America  led by figures such as Thomas Jefferson were in favor of supporting the revolutionaries in France. They thought the French were imitating the American colonists in their desire for freedom. There was a hope that the French  would win a greater degree of autonomy that resulted in the new Constitution and its strong federal government in the United States. Many anti-federalists rejoiced in every revolutionary victory as news of it reached America. Fashions changed to reflect republican dress in France. The Federalists were not sympathetic to the French Revolution, led by figures such as Alexander Hamilton.  The Hamiltonians  feared mob rule. They were  afraid of egalitarian ideas causing further upheaval at home. European Reaction In Europe, rulers were not necessarily that bothered by what was happening in France at first. However, as the gospel of democracy spread, Austria grew afraid. By 1792, France had declared war on Austria wanting to ensure that it would not try to invade. In addition, revolutionaries wanted to spread their own beliefs to other European countries. As France began to win victories beginning with the Battle of Valmy in September, England and Spain got concerned. Then on January 21, 1793, King Louis XVI was executed. France became emboldened and declared war on England. Thus American could no longer sit back but if they wanted to continue to trade with England and/or France. It had to claim sides or remain neutral. President George Washington chose the course of neutrality, but this would be a difficult tightrope for America to walk. Citizen  Genà ªt In 1792, the French appointed  Edmond-Charles Genà ªt, also known as Citizen  Genà ªt, as the Minister to the United States. There was some question on whether he should be formally received by the US  government. Jefferson felt that  America should support the Revolution which would mean publicly acknowledging  Genà ªt as the legitimate minister to France. Hamilton was against receiving him. Despite Washingtons ties to Hamilton and the Federalists, he decided to receive him. Washington eventually ordered that  Genà ªt be censured and later recalled by France when it was discovered that he had been commissioning privateers to fight for France in its war against Great Britain. Washington had to deal with their previously agreed upon Treaty of Alliance with France that had been signed during the American Revolution. Because of its own claims for neutrality, America could not close its ports to France without appearing to side with Britain. Therefore, even though France was taking advantage of the situation by using American ports to help fight its war against Britain, America was in a difficult place. The Supreme Court eventually helped provide a partial solution by preventing the French from arming privateers in American ports. After this proclamation, it was found that Citizen  Genà ªt had a French-sponsored warship armed and sail from Philadelphia. Washington demanded that he be recalled to France. However, this and other issues with the French fighting the British under the American flag led to increased issues and confrontations with the British. Washington sent John Jay to find a diplomatic solution to the issues with Great Britain. However, the resulting Jays Treaty was quite weak and widely derided. It required the British to abandon forts they still occupied on Americas western frontier. It also created a trading agreement between the two nations. However, it had to give up the idea of freedom of the seas. It also did nothing to stop impressment where the British could force American citizens on captured sailing vessels into service on their own ships. Aftermath In the end, the French Revolution brought the issues of neutrality and how America would deal with belligerent European countries. It also brought unresolved issues with Great Britain to the forefront. Finally, it showed a great divide in the way that federalists and anti-federalists felt about France and Great Britain.

Existentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Existentialism - Essay Example The author reiterates that the American culture and authenticity has been developed by religious origins. Religion is considered to be the most outstanding approach to the American authenticity culture, as many of the philosophers have observed. For instance, some American philosophers have initiated their activities in the American history, claiming that they have been heeded by a â€Å"higher calling.† In light of this statement, re-known religious Dr. Phil states that he works and initiates activities if he feels they are logical (Guignon, 6). If he does not feel the logic behind these activities, then there is no need to attend to such. In seconding the religious inductions in authenticity, the author states that Oprah is a re-known American, who is guided by religion in his endeavors. She states that she has the church within herself. This substantiates the bearing of authenticity as strong religion, which makes people successfully attend to their endeavors. In answering the question, what kind of life is the one most worth living, being authentic is one of the best given answers by the author. However, the other point ion answering such a question is Simply acting to fully fulfill a persons social and religious duties. In making this a better approach to living, ones religious experience needed to generate utter sincerity. This could only be achieved by a person having fully admitted his or her introspection.   With such situations in the developing world, it is considered that the developing world has indeed changed the original; view of authenticity (Guignon, 8). Therefore, to get a better view of defining a person’s authenticity and how he or she is living, Personal ambition and agendas are to be given a concrete definition. This is by banking on what a person is determined to gained, given the highest scale of attainment. Given all this freedom, it was considered a hard task to fully

Catastrophism or Uniformitarism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Catastrophism or Uniformitarism - Essay Example From this study it is clear that the two scientists, who came up with a new geographical phenomenon might as well not only cause unending controversy, but a consequent period of regret for all the involved professionals. Apparently, such kind of possible ideas that might have been neglected at the very start of the development of evolution theories would result into a whole new understanding of the earth.This paper declares that just as resources were allocated for the Georgian theory, so should necessary authorities address this upcoming idea; its strength, proof, and influence might give a realistic approach to catastrophes.   The possibility of craters that made an impact over 250 million years ago would result into a new definition on the aftermath that the species experienced. It might be a sad situation for a majority of the geologists, consequent blame among themselves, for basing their ideas on one orientation without consideration for the contrary.  The effects discussed could be due to a huge catastrophe as asteroids could have caused dust expulsion that would have resulted in loss sunlight and could have caused a drop of temperature and chilliness, which, in turn, could have led to extinction of life on Earth for a considerable period of time. However, numerous scientists argue that these mysterious changes could explain the gravitational pull in all circular geological structures and the entire underground.